SAN FRANCISCO, CA – The family of the driver who lost his life in a Santa Clara County car crash filed a lawsuit against Tesla on Wednesday. The lawsuit claims that Tesla is beta testing autopilot technology on open roadways in California.
The man who was killed was riding in his Tesla, which was on autopilot at the time of the crash. His family is suing the car manufacturer and others for wrongful death.
The lawsuit is not only against Tesla, but it could also include subcontractors who helped design and build the autopilot system on Tesla’s Model X.
Walter Huang was killed in March 2018 when his 2017 Tesla Model X smashed into a barrier on Hwy.101 in the city of Mountain View while it was on autopilot.
His grieving wife Sevonne Huang told the press that this Tesla was her husband’s dream car.
“I gave the car to him for his birthday,” she said.
Auto Crash Lawyer
The family is convinced that the autopilot system is defective and probably the cause of Huang’s death.
Mark Fong, the family’s lawyer, said, “The car moved out of a safe lane, headed directly towards a solid concrete barrier while accelerating nearly 10 miles an hour in 3 seconds.”
Family members claim that Huang complained about the car constantly veering towards the same barrier at the very same location where the crash occurred. They also said that he took his car to the dealership a number of times to tell them about the malfunctioning autopilot.
The lawsuit is being filed on the grounds of defective product design along with intentional misrepresentation.
The company released a statement soon after the crash that said, “The driver took no evasive action even though he had a 5-second view of the divider before crashing into it.” The company went on to say, “Mr. Huang had received both visual and audible hands-on warnings earlier while driving and his hands were not on the steering wheel for a full 6 seconds before colliding into the barrier.”
Attorney Doris Cheng said, “Attempting to put the blame on Mr. Huang by suggesting that it was up to him to figure out what was wrong with his Tesla, is very unfair.”
The family also filed a lawsuit against the State of California, claiming that the highway median had no protective crash guard, which could have possibly prevented the death.
The lawsuit is for monetary damages, as yet unspecified.
Huang’s wife said, “I’m doing this so that other families don’t suffer through the same experience.”
The NTSB has not yet released the final report of its investigation into the accident. When asked, a Tesla representative declined to comment on the lawsuit.
A number of other Tesla drivers have lodged complaints and filed lawsuits against Tesla for autopilot errors.
The autopilot feature is one of Tesla’s most popular features because it is supposed to take over other functions, like steering, braking, changing lanes and speed.
Last year a Tesla driver whose car was on autopilot fell asleep while the car kept driving all on its own. Eventually CHP officers boxed the Tesla in with their cars, slowing it down until it stopped. They then arrested the driver when he couldn’t pass the field sobriety test.
According to the California Highway Patrol, there may be as much as a 70% increase in DUI arrests in marijuana-related traffic accidents. Last year they released 2017 stats for the CHP Golden Gate District :
For All of 2017:
DUI arrests just for using cannabis: 197
DUI arrests for both cannabis and alcohol: 183
Traffic collision causing property damage plus a DUI arrest for just cannabis use: 22
Traffic collisions causing an injury plus a DUI arrest for just cannabis use: 7
Traffic collisions causing a death and a DUI arrest for just cannabis use: 0
When alcohol is combined with cannabis, injury collisions in 2017 rose to 24 and fatal collisions were at 7
Marijuana DUI Arrests
From January to mid-April of 2018:
DUI arrests just for cannabis: 87
DUI arrests for both cannabis and alcohol: 60
Traffic collision causing property damage plus a DUI arrest for just cannabis use: 9
Traffic collisions causing an injury plus a DUI arrest for just cannabis use: 7
Traffic collisions causing a death and a DUI arrest for just cannabis use: 0
When alcohol is combined with cannabis, injury collisions were at 4 and fatal collisions were at 1
The CHP began keeping track of incidents in which drivers were stopped for erratic driving and the officer detected marijuana due to drug paraphernalia being found or a passenger was stoned. In these cases there was no DUI arrest. Through April 2018 that number was 3,754.
Marijuana-related traffic accidents have been getting a lot of attention in the news these past few years since 9 states plus the District of Columbia started legalizing the recreational use of cannabis. These states include: Colorado, Washington, California, Oregon, Alaska, Vermont, Massachusetts, Maine and Nevada.
Controversy still surrounds the discussion on exactly what a “marijuana-related accident” is because law enforcement in these states hasn’t yet completely defined the problem. The controversy began in 2016, which was 4 years after Colorado legalized the recreational use of pot, one of two states to do so at the time. Gary Johnson, who was running for President as the Libertarian candidate said, “’Marijuana-related’ hospital visits, fatal traffic accidents and school suspensions in Colorado have ‘not gone up significantly’ since the state legalized marijuana.”
Several official sources immediately refuted that claim, showing that there had been a huge rise in those exact problems since the drug had been legalized. The issue is that there is limited data, which makes it utterly impossible to know precisely which of these incidents were caused directly by the use of marijuana. ProCon.org explained it this way, “Unlike with alcohol use, when you test positive for marijuana it does not definitively mean that you were under the influence of marijuana when the traffic accident occurred.”
In any case, marijuana use is at the forefront in a number of fatal traffic accidents in those states where the laws pertaining to marijuana use have become less stringent.
If you or a loved one has been the victim of motor vehicle negligence related to marijuana use and would like to speak with a Bay Area auto accident attorney, please contact us. At O’Connor, Runckel & O’Malley we have 50 years of litigation and trial experience. We are here to answer your questions and discuss how to protect your legal rights.
SAN FRANCISCO, CA – Two people were killed and nine injured in a collision that occurred in the early hours of Sunday morning, as reported by the California Highway Patrol.
CHP Officer Bert Diaz said a call came in at 2:33 a.m. about a three-car collision caused by a vehicle going south in the northbound lanes of the freeway near Vermont Street hitting two other vehicles. The wrong-way driver is thought to have used the Vermont Street off-ramp to enter the freeway.
Officer Diaz went on to say that the wrong-way vehicle continued on, striking another vehicle near Cesar Chavez Street. That crash caused someone to be thrown from a vehicle and they later died. The wrong-way driver, who was later identified as Kayla Wilson, 21, from San Jose, was also killed.
Auto Accident
Diaz was not able to say at the time whether the person ejected was a passenger in the vehicle going the wrong way or was in the vehicle going northbound on the freeway.
All freeway lanes going northbound were totally blocked from about 2:40 a.m. until just before 10:00 a.m.
The San Francisco Medical Examiner identified the other deceased person as Waheedullah Etimad, who was driving for Uber. Uber released a statement Sunday afternoon that said, “This was an extremely tragic incident and our thoughts and prayers are with the victim and his heartbroken family. We will work with authorities in every way possible to assist in their investigation.”
Etimad was a 40-year-old Afghan immigrant who had assisted the U.S. Army in his home country before coming to the United States in 2015 to support his family. He leaves behind a wife and seven children.
He worked with the U.S. Army as a translator, but chose to relocate to the U.S. when it became too dangerous. In one Taliban attack he was shot a total of five times.
The victim’s son, Yahya Etimad said, “There were so many Taliban and they knew he was helping the Americans, so they shot him. Luckily, he was taken to the hospital and his life was spared.”
Etimad was studying computer science at Pleasant Hill’s Diablo Valley College while working full time, which included weekends, driving for Uber.
A GoFundMe campaign has been started to raise money for Etimad’s family. Nearly $30,000 had already been raised as of Sunday night.
A group of six people had called for an Uber and were riding in Etimad’s Van when it was struck. Those six are currently recovering from their injuries, according to Dena Romios, a Power Muse concert promoter who employed two of those six.
Romios said Power Muse was planning on producing a Panos Kiamos concert, but the Greek pop star couldn’t get a U.S. visa due to a computer glitch at the American embassy in Canada. So, the singer had to cancel his concert.
A group consisting of two production staffers along with four fans had gone out for dinner in Redwood City and later arranged for an Uber, which turned out to be Waheed Etimad’s van.
Romios said of those six Uber passengers, four are in stable condition at Zuckerberg General Hospital and the other two have been released.
If you live with stress and anxiety, you know just how great a toll both can take on your life. Worry, anxiety and other forms of emotional distress may make it difficult for you to concentrate at work, enjoy your downtime or live a generally happy existence. If another person or entity caused your mental anguish due to their negligence, you may be able to gain compensation for your suffering.
Stress and Anxiety
Mental Anguish as a Non-Economic Damage
More often than not, the courts will classify emotional anguish as a non-economic damage. If this is the case, the courts will likely categorize your distress as "pain and suffering." Depending on in which state you live, and the nature of your accident, you may not be able to recover for pain and suffering. If you can recover compensation for these damages, the state may cap the amount you can recover.
Emotional Suffering as a Medically Documented Illness
In extreme cases, stress is a medically-documented illness. For instance, PTSD is a medically-documented form of strain. Signs your anxiety is a medical condition and not just pain and suffering are as follows:
You cannot identify the source of your tension.
Your friends, family and advisors cannot pinpoint the cause of your anguish.
Your primary care doctor suspects the source of your strain is a symptom of a physical ailment and he or she has the means to help ease it.
Documenting Emotional Damages
Regardless of the cause of your stress, you need to document your damages to maximize the amount you may recover. Some steps you can take to strengthen your personal injury claim are as follows:
Identify the type of emotional distress you're experiencing (fear, anxiety, depression).
Keep a journal in which you discuss how you feel on a daily basis.
Keep the bottles or labels of prescription medications you use to control your emotions.
Consult with a personal injury attorney who can advise you on what more you need to do to fortify your claim based on your individual situation.
Emotional distress can be just as damaging to your life as physical injuries. If another person's actions caused you to live with emotional agony, contact a lawyer for guidance today.
BRENTWOOD, CA – A three-vehicle traffic accident occurred Sunday night and injured two when the driver of a black Jeep Wrangler sped through a red light, according to what witnesses told the CHP.
It was just before 9:00 p.m. when the accident happened at the intersection of Marsh Creek Road and Walnut Boulevard. A CalStar air ambulance transported one of those injured to John Muir Medical Center’s Trauma Center in Walnut Creek. According to Captain Dan Baio from the East Contra Costa Fire Protection District, the victim showed signs of a head injury.
Auto Accident
An ambulance transported the other injured person to Antioch’s Sutter Delta Medical Center. She had only suffered minor injuries to her shoulder and abdomen.
CHP officers at the scene of the accident said that a white Toyota Venza was being driven south on Walnut Boulevard when it slammed into the passenger side of a black Jeep Wrangler. The driver of the Jeep was going west on Marsh Creek Road when it ran the red light, according to CHP officers. The force of the collision rolled the Jeep over until it came to rest on its side. After initially colliding, both cars slammed into a white Ford F-350 stopped at the intersection.
CHP officers said they did not observe any indication that either driver was impaired, however, expectations are that the driver who ran the red light would be tested after being treated for his injuries.
Engines 52 and 59 of the EECCFPD responded to the accident as well as Battalion Chief Craig Auzenne plus several AMR medical units. East of the scene on Marsh Creek Road was where a landing zone was established for the medical helicopter and this affected traffic for about an hour.
The automobile accident attorneys at O’Connor, Runckel & O’Malley are well known and respected throughout the legal community and among our clients. From our offices in Contra Contra Costa County, San Francisco, and Sacramento, we serve clients throughout Northern California. Our experience and expertise are available to you.
If you or a loved one has been the victim of motor vehicle negligence and would like to speak with a Bay Area auto accident attorney, please contact us. We are here to answer your questions and discuss how to protect your legal rights.
The accident occurred Wednesday afternoon on 35th Avenue in the 1100 block. Police officers arrived on the scene in response to calls coming in about the incident, where they located the boy lying in the street.
Police said the car hit the cyclist and then dragged him for four long blocks before abruptly stopping, dislodging the boy from the car and leaving him injured in the street injured.
Hit and Run
The 14-year-old was transported in critical condition to a local hospital where he is now being treated, according to an OPD spokesperson.
Police officers eventually found the suspect’s vehicle abandoned near the scene of the accident. They later found out that a passenger was also in the car when it struck the bicyclist.
Police have not yet provided the public with a description of the hit-and-run vehicle, but are encouraging the driver and passenger to both turn themselves in to authorities.
No other information about the victim, car, driver or passenger was immediately available.
The Oakland Police Department asks anyone who witnessed this accident to report what they witnessed to their Traffic Investigative Section by phoning (510) 777-8570.
Crime Stoppers of Oakland has joined the Oakland Police Department in offering a $5,000 reward for any information that leads to an arrest in this case.
The bicycle accident attorneys at O’Connor, Runckel & O’Malley work with medical professionals, vocational rehabilitation experts, and financial planners to determine all of the effects of serious injuries. We have the skill and experience to ensure that individuals and their families receive the financial support necessary to help them move forward with their lives. Contact us now for a free consultation with a bicycle accident injury attorney.
If you are a passenger in an Uber or Lyft accident, it can be hard to understand your rights when it comes to recovering injury-related expenses. That’s because ride-sharing apps occupy a legal gray area between the personal use of automobiles and commercial taxi operations in many states.
According to NOLO, the online legal reference library that works to break down legal concepts to the general public, ride sharing accidents usually fall under the driver’s personal insurance if the driver is at fault unless the insurance policy specifically excludes ride-sharing. Otherwise, a lawsuit on your behalf to recover damages from the at-fault driver’s insurance is common.
Uber Lyft Accident Lawyer
Immediately After an Uber or Lyft Crash
If you’re in a crash, take these steps to protect your legal rights down the road so you can get the medical treatment you need and recover the costs associated with your injury.
Contact 911 if the driver has not already done so, to report the accident.
Check to see if anyone in the car is injured and report it to the dispatcher if they are.
Get the insurance information from all the drivers involved so you can be sure you have what you need once fault is determined.
Contact the rideshare company’s customer service to report to them.
The Changing Insurance Landscape
More and more insurance companies are excluding rideshare time from their personal vehicle coverage policies. If an Uber or Lyft driver’s policy excludes rideshare, they should have a ride sharing insurance policy. One of the reasons it is important to contact customer service for your rideshare company is because they are carrying insurance on the drivers’ behalf more and more. According to a firsthand account in Fortune, the company began carrying its own insurance in 2013 in response to the rising tide of rideshare exclusions on personal policies.
The car accident attorneys at the law offices of O’Connor, Runckel & O’Malley provide legal expertise, strong trial skills and the essential investigation in order to successfully litigate your personal injury claims. If you have recently been in an accident and you have medical expenses or other losses associated with it, you should talk to an attorney before accepting any settlement. For a consultation with experienced attorneys, contact O’Connor, Runkel, and O’Malley LLP today.
Just as there are apps to help decrease standard automobile accidents, there are also mandates going into effect in the trucking industry in an effort to reduce truck accidents. Electronic Logging Devices keep track of how long a trucker has been on the road to better ensure she or he doesn’t sit across the table from a truck accident attorney after falling asleep at the wheel. But are the devices effective?
The Aim of the Devices
In 2014, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration estimated that ELDs could prevent roughly 1,700 crashes, 500 injuries and 20 deaths a year. This is because the devices make it so truck drivers cannot drive more than 11 hours in the road without resting. As truck accident attorney I can tell you that driver fatigue is one of the leading causes of truck accidents.
Besides preventing accidents, logging devices can improve the trucking industry at large. Specifically, if truckers aren’t driving more than they should be, they’re less likely to burn themselves out. Fewer overworked truckers is likely to result in a lower employee turnover rate.
Trucking Accident
Are the Devices Reducing Salaries Along With Accidents?
For all the good they’re supposed to do, ELDs aren’t beloved by all truckers. One issue is the devices can actually make truckers drive a bit more recklessly than they normally would. This is because when drivers near their 11-hour limit and haven’t made it to their destination, some of them may speed up to get there faster.
There are still problems even when a truck driver hasn’t neared her or his destination when the 11-hour limit approaches. The issue is that not all truckers are able to find a safe place to park their vehicles when they reach their time limit.
If you were recently involved in an accident with a truck, it may have been due to reckless or fatigued driving. Either way, it’s best you reach out to a truck accident attorney to explore your rights.
Authorities believe alcohol may have played a role
WALNUT CREEK, CA – One person died and five more suffered injuries in a head-on collision that police believe was the result of drinking and driving.
Friday morning the Office of the Contra Costa County Coroner identified Walnut Creek resident Hector Garza, 45 as the individual killed in the collision.
Wrongful Death - Vehicular Manslaughter
After the crash the police did take someone into custody, according to Lt. Traci Reese. This person was identified as Jessica Martin, 35, a resident of Tennessee. She is suspected of felony DUI and vehicular manslaughter.
Reese said that a vehicle that appeared to be some type of Jeep was at the South Broadway extension driving south when it crashed head-on into another vehicle driving north. Following that, the Jeep slammed into two more vehicles.
The five people rushed to area hospitals in the aftermath of the accident had suffered injuries ranging from minor all the way up to life threatening. However, on Friday the police would not release any updates on their medical conditions.
While police investigated the accident the South Broadway extension had to be closed to all traffic for a number of hours.
The unexpected accidental death of a family member or loved one is a very difficult situation to deal with and nothing can ever adequately compensate you for this type of loss.
However, if you’ve experienced the accidental loss of a family member or loved one that was caused by someone else, you may be able to seek financial compensation. To ensure that your rights are protected you should contact an experienced wrongful death lawyer. Place a phone call to the Law Office of O’Connor, Runckel & O’Malley to speak to an attorney who has dealt with hundreds of grief-stricken people in your situation. You will be listened to and treated with the respect and understanding you deserve in your time of need.
Traffic moves at a snail’s pace when driving during rush hour on Mission Boulevard in the Mission San Jose area of Fremont since thousands of vehicles are on the road all at once.
The drive was particularly frightening on August 3rd when a big rig dump truck rolled over while turning right off the Interstate 680 southbound exit ramp onto Mission Boulevard going north, dumping gravel all over the road and destroying parts of a car in the process.
Traffic accidents involving trucks often cause devastating injuries or even death to victims. Due to the enormous size and weight of big rigs and other commercial trucks, the rates of severe injuries and death for the occupants of the smaller vehicles in these accidents are higher than in most other traffic accidents.
Trucking Accident
The trucking industry, as well as the government, is well aware of the risks that tractor-trailers, big rigs, semi-trucks, and 18-wheelers pose to others sharing the road. This is apparent when you look at the increased regulations and the additional requirements in the hiring and training of drivers as well as the loading. Despite all of these precautions, truck accidents still occur.
According to Fremont officials, there have been five similar rollover accidents involving big rig trucks at the very same interchange since December 2015. This is a very dangerous situation for thousands of commuters, not to mention the gridlock these accidents cause that can last for hours.
Fremont’s director of public works, Hans Larsen said about this recent accident, “I immediately thought, ‘Wow this feels like déjà vu.’ ” Others posted similar sentiments on Facebook about the frequency of these accidents.
“This occurred with another gravel truck just a few months back at that very same intersection. Maybe that location needs some work to make things safer,” Heather Wallace commented on a Fremont Police Department posting on the latest accident.
Just over a year ago, on August 31, 2017, a nearly identical accident happened in the exact same spot during rush hour traffic in the afternoon.
A big rig carrying a full load of dirt rolled over on the road while turning right off the Interstate ramp. It landed in the median with one of its rigs thrown across the southbound lanes, crashing into a fence. This backed up traffic for hours.
“Apparently, trucks are speeding down that same 680 off ramp way too fast,” Glenn Gutierrez commented on the police department’s Facebook post about the accident. “What can be done to make it safer?”
Larsen said, “We are very distressed about this,” adding, “It’s definitely a problem that deserves serious study.”
In this last incident, two people suffered injuries, and highway lanes and ramps remained closed for hours, which severely delayed traffic.
It’s become such a concern that the city of Fremont is meeting with the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), the agency in charge of managing the Interstate, the off-ramp and Mission Boulevard to seriously discuss that particular interchange.
“It’s to make them aware of the seriousness and frequency of the problem and how many trucks have overturned at that one location. We need to know how they intend to respond to the situation and what solutions are available to remedy the problem,” Larsen said.
Spokesperson for the California Trucking Association, Eric Sauer said he’s glad that officials from the city of Fremont and Caltrans are meeting to take up the issue.
Sauer said, “We’ll have to see if anything happens as a result of those meetings. I hope we can join in on those discussions at some point.”
“We need to add more signs and rumble strips while making sure that all drivers know they need to slow down,” he said. “These are steps the association can fully support,” he added.
There are reminders on Mission Boulevard of the toll these accidents have taken. Along the curve there is a huge gouge in the pavement, caused when the trucks overturned, and oil stains from the engines blanket the median and roadway from all the previous accidents.
If you look closely at the median that runs along Mission Boulevard near the ramp you can see dirt, gravel and other debris from cars and trucks, including lug nut covers and glass.
Expert researchers who have studied large truck rollovers when carrying huge loads say that these huge trucks may not have the ability to sufficiently slow down when exiting the Interstate and are therefore unable to safely navigate that sharp right turn at the bottom.
On the 680 Interstate leading towards this off-ramp, vehicles are travelling downhill, and this particular ramp is sloped downward as well.
Drivers going left onto Mission Boulevard or continuing straight ahead must stop at the bottom of the ramp at the signal, but drivers going right onto Mission Boulevard are in a dedicated merge lane, so they do not need to stop at all.
Larsen is of the opinion that this current situation discourages vehicles from adequately slowing down, so they end up making their turn at higher speeds than are safe, especially when its a large commercial truck with a relatively high center of gravity.
“There really is no reason to slow down or stop unless you notice a pedestrian crossing the road there,” he said of the downward right turn.
There is also a lack of signage. Yes, there is a sign suggesting a speed limit of 30 mph posted just ahead of the ramp, but there was no sign warning drivers that the off-ramp slopes downhill until just recently.
Three days after this recent accident, Caltrans put up two new “hill warning” signs, one just before the off-ramp and another one where the ramp begins. The signs show an “8%” with a drawing of a truck going downhill.
The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Highways and Streets says that federal guidelines are that those signs are supposed to be installed before any downgrades of 8% that are over 750 feet in length and “where field observations and crash experience show a need.” The Mission Boulevard off-ramp certainly qualifies.
A yellow sign was recently installed near the bottom of the off-ramp, showing a right arrow and a 15 mph suggested speed limit for the curve. However, officials from Caltrans seemed not to know whether that sign had been there before the latest accident or not. Looking at some Google Maps images, the sign does not seem to be there going back to 2015.
However, warning signs for drivers, especially truckers, to slow down when approaching the bottom of the ramp may be useless. This is according to a senior researcher at the Institute of Transportation Studies at UC Berkeley, Xiao-Yun Lu, whose expertise is in vehicle dynamics control.
“Some drivers assume that their truck could come to a stop if necessary. However, once they enter the curve, it’s too late,” Lu said when interviewed.
“Unless these drivers act sooner, there is no way they can slow down,” he explained, especially when carrying a heavy load. “If their load is not evenly distributed, it is more likely that the truck will roll over.”
Lu co-authored a commercial vehicle safety report in 2007 with other researchers that said speed is a vital aspect of truck safety.
“Travelling at high speeds is not only a threat to other vehicles on the road, but it also creates instability when it comes to the truck itself and can cause a rollover,” says the report. It also warned that, “A loaded big rig requires 20-40% more stopping distance than an average sized sedan. The situation becomes worse on downgrades and/or on a wet roadway.”
Lu said that although road and traffic engineers would need to carefully study the off-ramp and turn before they could recommend changes, there are some easy solutions that could be accomplished quickly.
He said that although the curve at the turn is banked slightly on its outer edge, it might be helpful to have steeper banking, which would allow trucks to more safely handle the turn. Reducing the suggested speed to 25 mph for the off-ramp, and putting up more signs well in advance along the Interstate warning drivers to slow down could also help, Lu added.
Larson is in full agreement, saying that police reports have suggested that one of the main reasons for most of these overturned trucks “has been their inability to get the brakes to adequately slow the truck down due to the downgrade.” In a later email he said that in a couple of the accidents the left front tires buckled in the turn, “which caused the trucks to roll over.” He added that the area of Mission Boulevard has drawn their attention for needing to be upgraded for other reasons, specifically the danger faced by bicyclists and pedestrians crossing where the curve is.
Larson suggested that reconfiguring the bottom of the off-ramp to make it safer for everyone would be where they need to start.
“We have to acknowledge that there are too many problems with this off-ramp to leave it as is.”
If you or a family member has been injured in a big rig or trucking accident and would like to consult with an experienced lawyer, please contact us. We will discuss your case, answer your question and explain how you can legally protect your rights.
The Law firm of O’Connor, Runckel & O’Malley has more than 50 years of legal experience specializing in personal injury cases. Our track record of successful outcomes for clients is well known in the legal community.
The information on this website is general information and should not be taken as legal advice. Viewing this information, or making an inquiry through the contact form does not constitute an attorney-client relationship.
